PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome, affects about one woman in eight, and there are ways to help with its symptoms. The main signs are periods that come rarely or at random times, and higher levels of male-type hormones (androgens). Up to 70% of women with PCOS don't know they have it, so wondering 'could this be me?' makes sense.
Are there really cysts on the ovaries?
No. An ultrasound shows lots of small follicles, tiny sacs where eggs develop. People with PCOS don't have more abnormal cysts than anyone else.
Because of this mix-up, in May 2026 the condition got a new international name, PMOS (polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome), which points to hormones and metabolism. The switch is planned over three years, so for now you'll see both names.
How do I know if it's PCOS?
People usually notice rare periods or long gaps, acne and oily skin, hair on the face and body, thinning hair on the head, and trouble with weight. There can also be tiredness, dark velvety patches on the neck or armpits, anxiety or low mood. Everyone's mix is different, from all of it to almost nothing, and PCOS happens at a normal weight too.
Doctors diagnose it from 2 of 3 signs: rare or irregular periods, extra androgens (seen on skin and hair or in a blood test), and a typical look of the ovaries on ultrasound. First they rule out other causes, like a thyroid problem. Teens aren't diagnosed by ultrasound, because ovaries often look like this at that age anyway.
What helps?
Treatment depends on your goal: regular periods, clearer skin and less hair, or getting pregnant. The combined pill, the progestogen-only pill or a hormonal coil can make periods regular. There are separate creams and tablets for skin and hair, and medicines that trigger ovulation if you want to get pregnant.
Regular movement and decent meals really do help, even if your weight doesn't change. If you're overweight, even a small weight loss can make periods more regular. There's no special 'PCOS diet': any balanced way of eating you enjoy will do.
If PCOS is getting you down, tell your doctor. Anxiety and low mood are common with PCOS, and there's help for them.
Common questions
My scan says 'multifollicular ovaries'. Is that PCOS?
Not on its own: that picture shows up in women without PCOS too. The diagnosis needs a combination of signs.
Can I get pregnant with PCOS?
Yes. Pregnancy often happens naturally or with tablets that trigger ovulation. You can get pregnant even when periods are rare, so use contraception if you're not planning a baby. If you are planning one, tell your doctor about PCOS early: these pregnancies get closer care.
Does PCOS go away?
There's no cure, but treatment and daily habits help manage the symptoms and risks. After menopause, some symptoms stop or change.
Do I have to take hormones?
No. Hormonal pills are a common choice for periods and skin, but there are other options. What suits you depends on your goal, and you decide it together with your doctor.
In short
- Write down your period dates for the last six months
- No period for over 4 months? See a doctor
- Tell your doctor if PCOS is affecting your mood
Source: NHS: Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS)
Educational content; it does not replace professional medical advice.