A period usually lasts 2 to 7 days, often about five, and bleeding is heaviest on the first two days. This is your body renewing the lining of the womb. It built up over the last cycle, and when pregnancy doesn't happen, oestrogen and progesterone drop and the lining comes away with blood.
How much blood is it, really?
Over the whole period you lose about 20–90 ml, which is 1–5 tablespoons. On a pad it looks like a lot more, so it's easier to judge by how often you change your pad or tampon. On heavy days the blood is red, and on lighter days it can be pink or brown.
Clots up to 2.5 cm across are common and nothing to worry about. They're just thicker blood.
Why does my belly ache, and sometimes my back and legs too?
More than half of people who have periods get some pain on the first 1–2 days, and it's usually mild. The womb tightens to push the lining out, and the cramps can spread to your lower back and thighs. It usually lasts up to three days, and there are good ways to ease it.
What helps on these days?
Yes, the first days are draining. Put a hot water bottle wrapped in a towel on your lower belly, or stand under a warm shower. Gentle movement helps too: a walk, yoga, swimming or cycling, and so does rubbing your belly and lower back.
If you need to, take ibuprofen or paracetamol as the pack says. Ibuprofen may not suit you if you have asthma, a stomach ulcer or a bleeding disorder, so check with a doctor or pharmacist first.
Rest when you feel like it; it has nothing to do with being lazy. And keep a spare pad and pants in your bag, because leaks happen to everyone.
Common questions
Can I exercise and go swimming?
Yes, if you feel comfortable, and gentle movement even eases cramps for many people. For swimming, use a tampon, a cup or period swimwear.
Is it OK to have sex on my period?
Yes, if you both want to. You can still get pregnant or pick up an infection on your period, so use contraception and condoms as usual.
Why is it brown and smeary at the start and end of my period?
On lighter days blood is often pink or brown, so seeing it at the start or end of your period is typical. Brown discharge between periods, though, is worth showing to a doctor.
In short
- Wrap your hot water bottle in a towel
- Keep a spare pad and pants in your bag
- Note how often you change pads or tampons
Source: NHS: Periods
Educational content; it does not replace professional medical advice.